Verizon CEO Responds to Criticism

A Verizon strike has put the CEO under pressure to explain worker pay and taxes. Employees in two unions have walked out after failed contract negotiations.

In a press release, union leaders from the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) explained the reason for the strike, including this quotation from the president: 

"No one wants to go on strike, but Verizon-this immensely profitable company-is putting the squeeze on hard-working men and women who just want to come to work, do their jobs and be treated fairly."

Verizon's press release blames the unions for ending negotiations and refusing mediation. The company calls out union leaders for "ignoring today's digital realities" and focuses on the impact of the strike on customers: 

"Millions of Americans rely on Verizon for the ability to communicate, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We remain fully prepared to handle any work stoppage so that our products and services will be available where and when our customers need them."

Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has gotten into the fight: 

Although CEO Lowell McAdam didn't address his own pay, he did respond to Bernie Sanders in a LinkedIn post. He focused on Verizon's contribution of taxes and employment. Like the press release, McAdam emphasized changing technologies and the need to keep pace. 

Discussion Starters: 

• Read arguments on both sides. Which are the strongest and weakest? With which do you most agree? 
• Assess McAdam's LinkedIn post. How well does he address Sanders' criticism? 

Suing Glassdoor for Bad Reviews

In addition to poor customer reviews online, companies are feeling the pinch of negative employee comments, and they're taking action. Glassdoor has been targeted as the largest site for employee reviews about company management, interview processes, benefits, and pay. The site has been issued subpoenas for the names of people who posted views thought to be anonymous.

A lawyer arguing the case against Glassdoor claims, "The right to anonymous speech also extends to the Internet and those constitutional principles [of free speech], but at the same time the Constitution does not protect defamation. It does not protect statements that are false or could give rise to other claims, for example, false light or tortious interference."

At issue is whether comments are true or "maliciously false." If true, comments may be protected, but if they are false, the author may not be protected. The National Labor Relations Board (NLBR) has a role, as I've written about before on BizComintheNews. An attorney James R. Redeker, at Duane Morris explains:

"If an employer tried to take action against an employee who it found published something in either social or public media anonymously-and/or published something that was false and misleading-the NLRB [National Labor Relations Board] general counsel and the board take the position that an employee is entitled to and protected in making statements with regard to the working conditions of their employer."

Glassdoor has refused hundreds of employers' requests for content to be removed and for identities to be revealed. The company argues, "Glassdoor is an anonymous community and we will vigorously fight on behalf of our users to protect their identities and right to free speech, provided they adhere to our community guidelines and terms of service."

Discussion Starters: 

• What is an employee's responsibility when posting to sites such as Glassdoor?
• Do you agree with Glassdoor's resistance to reveal identities and remove posts? Why or why not?
• The attorney quoted in one of the articles said that companies can respond to comments online, but "...that's very unsatisfying. And sometimes it exacerbates the problem." What's your view? That's certainly how companies manage customer comments. How might this differ?

Illinois College Bans Yik Yak

Illinois College President Barbara Farley made the tough call to block students from using the app Yik Yak. Posts are anonymous and can be seen by location. The app is notorious for attracting mean and sometimes racist comments, which has caused complaints by students and faculty. At Illinois College, the Student Senate, Black Student Union, and faculty members have been particularly vocal about Yik Yak problems. 

Students joke that the ban isn't really a ban at all because they can continue to access the app through their data plans. Although a handful of universities have banned the app, others refuse, partly for this reason. According to the vice president for student affairs at Duke University, "Since it can always be accessed via cell signal, no institution could truly eliminate it from their campus. For any institution to seek to silence it plays right into [Yik Yak's] hands...since what they seek is notoriety."

Several feminist and civil rights groups have urged the Department of Education to take action against Yik Yak. However, a Slate writer also argues that Yik Yak is helpful to students adjusting to college and struggling with mental illness. She says a university ban hurts some of the students they are trying to protect.

Discussion Starters:

• What's your opinion of Yik Yak: is it more helpful to students or harmful?
• How do you use the app?
• Should universities ban the app? What are the considerations and possible consequences?

Is Amy Schumer "Plus-Size"?

Comedian Amy Schumer isn't happy about being featured on Glamour magazine's plus-size issue. Schumer was listed on the cover, without her permission or knowledge, along with Melissa McCarthy, Adele, and Ashley Graham. One concern is whether women Schumer's size are considered plus-size: does this give young girls a misperception about their own bodies? 

Glamour's editor-in-chief Cindi Leive appeared on Nightline and responded to the criticism: 

"I'm certainly sorry that she didn't like being named on the cover, and I'm sorry that she wishes her piece hadn't been included," she said, "but I'm confident that the message of the issue, which is there are great clothes out there for all of us, is one that will resonate with our readers."

"I don't believe that Amy Schumer is plus-size. That's not a term that I love but it's very clear that she's not what people mean when they say plus-size. But that wasn't the intent at all. The cover line says "Women Who Inspire Us," and we felt the audience for this special edition would be inspired by her completely hilarious and constant, consistent message of body positivity."

Asked about the Twitter war with Schumer, Leive said, "No one can out tweet Amy."

Discussion Starters: 

• What's your reaction to Schumer's perspective? 
• Should Glamour have done anything differently in putting together this magazine issue? 
• How well did Leive handle the situation? 

Marriott + Starwood Announcements

After some flirting with Anbang Insurance, Starwood has accepted Marriott's revised acquisition bid. Several major communications were published this week: 

• Press release to announce the merger
• Shareholder update on a new Starwood landing page
• "4 Things to Know" article by Marriott CEO Arne Sorenson
• Email to Starwood associates from Arne Sorenson (shown here)
• Email to Starwood associates from Starwood CEO Tom Mangas
• Email to Starwood Preferred Guest (SPG) members
• Email to Marriott Rewards members

The internal messages link to additional content: a video message on the Starwood intranet and a poll for employees to name the new, combined program for discounted hotel rates. For Starwood associates, "HOT Rates" current offers good deals on stays around the world; employees may be excited about more possibilities, yet worried that the benefit won't be as generous. 

Bill Marriott hasn't updated his blog as of this writing. I'm sure it's coming soon.  

Discussion Starters: 

• Identify the primary and secondary audiences for each communication. Next, analyze the primary audience using principles from Chapter 4 in the book. 
• Assess all of the communications here. What's written, and what's left unsaid? 
• What are the key messages you take from these communications? 

Brief Conversations Change Opinions

A retracted study is getting new life. Researcher Michael J. LaCour had published a widely cited political science study in Science, claiming that short conversations changed people's minds about gay marriage. However, two scientists, wanting to replicate his work, found problems and published in a paper, "Irregularities in LaCour." 

Although the issues stand, those who fought to get the study retracted have since been able to replicate some important findings, after all. The new study focuses on attitudes about transgender people: 

...well-trained canvassers walked around Miami neighborhoods, knocking on doors and having 10-minute conversations with voters about legal discrimination against transgender people. The activists showed the residents a brief video describing both sides of the debate, encouraged them to talk about their personal experiences of prejudice, and asked where they stood on the issue. The researchers surveyed the same residents three days later, three weeks later, six weeks later, and three months later to see how their convictions had changed.

About 10 percent of respondents expressed more-positive feelings toward transgender people after talking to canvassers. Those changes in attitude were substantial, and they held up through the follow-up surveys. Both transgender and nontransgender canvassers were able to change minds - a difference from Mr. LaCour and Mr. Green's retracted study, which claimed that voters had found gay canvassers more persuasive on gay rights.

Discussion Starters: 

• What does the situation tell us about research and publications?
• What are the implications of this study for other political issues and persuasive arguments? 
• These conversations included a 55-second video. To what extent do you think this video affected attitudes? 

WhatsApp Announces End-to-End Encryption

Facebook-owned WhatsApp has announced end-to-end encryption, promising users more privacy. The news follows the recent debate between Apple and the FBI, which wanted to access iPhones of those involved in the San Bernardino terrorist shooting. 

In a blog post, WhatsApp co-founders describe the new technology. The post continues after the excerpt here: "The idea is simple: when you send a message, the only person who can read it is the person or group chat that you send that message to. No one can see inside that message. Not cybercriminals. Not hackers. Not oppressive regimes. Not even us. End-to-end encryption helps make communication via WhatsApp private – sort of like a face-to-face conversation." The notice links to a description of the security features. 

PR Daily comments on the political implications of the technology and announcement:

As you can imagine, this will do nothing to foster good will in the already tenuous relationship between the United States government, which would seemingly prefer to be able to see everyone's data all the time, and tech companies in Silicon Valley, which are receiving increasing user demands for more privacy and security.

Discussion Starters: 

• Assess the founders' blog post: the organization, word choice, and so on. What makes this a persuasive message? Where does it fall short?
• Although the company ensures security, the system isn't foolproof. What are some ways that people other than the recipients might see a message?

Students Remember More with Handwritten Notes

A Wall Street Journal report discusses several studies that encourage handwritten instead of typed notes. In one study, students watched a PowerPoint presentation and took notes one of the two ways. After the lecture, students who had taken notes on their laptop had done slightly better in "recalling facts"; however, longer term, after the opportunity to review their notes, students who had handwritten their notes performed better. This group's notes were longer and included images, which could have contributed to their more robust responses. According to one researcher, the hand writers have an advantage to "grasp ideas" and "hold onto new concepts."

The actual writing process doesn't seem to be at play; instead, it's about the "focused attention that handwriting requires." Also, handwriting is slower, which makes the note-taking process more intentional.

Other research supports laptop bans in classrooms. One study found that "students with open laptops remembered less lecture content than those with closed laptops." Several faculty have made the decision for this reason and because of other distractions. An assistant professor at Columbia University cited more reasons in a Washington Post op-ed about his decision to ban laptops:

• Since most students can type very quickly, laptops encourage them to copy down nearly everything said in the classroom. But when students stare at the screen of their laptops, something is lost. The students shift from being intellectuals, listening to one another, to being customer-service representatives, taking down orders. Class is supposed to be a conversation, not an exercise in dictation. 
• Clay Shirky, a professor at New York Univeristy, recently asked his students to stop using laptops in class. Another recent study convinced him to do so. The title: "Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers." A research team in Canada found that laptops in the classroom distracted not only the students who used them, but also students who sat nearby. Meaning, not only do the laptop-using students end up staring at Facebook, but the students behind them do, as well.
  

Discussion Starters:

• How do you prefer to take notes? Does this research influence your process?
• What about this research rings true for you, and what aspects do you question?

Emory Chalk Writing About Trump: Free Speech or Intimidation?

Emory students and administrators are debating whether chalkings on campus about Donald Trump are appropriate. In a letter to the school community, President James Wagner discussed both sides of the argument:

Dear Emory Community,

Yesterday I received a visit from 40 to 50 student protesters upset by the unexpected chalkings on campus sidewalks and some buildings yesterday morning, in this case referencing Donald Trump. The students shared with me their concern that these messages were meant to intimidate rather than merely to advocate for a particular candidate, having appeared outside of the context of a Georgia election or campus campaign activity. During our conversation, they voiced their genuine concern and pain in the face of this perceived intimidation.

After meeting with our students, I cannot dismiss their expression of feelings and concern as motivated only by political preference or over-sensitivity. Instead, the students with whom I spoke heard a message, not about political process or candidate choice, but instead about values regarding diversity and respect that clash with Emory's own.

As an academic community, we must value and encourage the expression of ideas, vigorous debate, speech, dissent, and protest. At the same time, our commitment to respect, civility, and inclusion calls us to provide a safe environment that inspires and supports courageous inquiry. It is important that we recognize, listen to, and honor the concerns of these students, as well as faculty and staff who may feel similarly. . . .

The letter goes on to identify actions the university will take, including clarifying policies and providing more opportunities for dialogue. The president also chalked a message of his own, shown here.

In related news, a Chronicle story reports the results of a Gallup survey about students' view of free speech on campus:

Nearly half of college students believe in curtailing the news media's access to campus events in certain scenarios, such as when protesters want to be left alone (48 percent), when they believe a reporter will be biased (49 percent), and when they want to tell the story themselves on social media (44 percent), a new Gallup survey has found.

At the same time,

While more than 75 percent of students believe colleges should expose students to all types of speech and viewpoints, a majority of students believe campus climates prevent people from saying what they believe out of fears of offending others.

Image source.

Discussion Starters:

• Describe both sides of the issue in this situation. Image you're a student on either side of the argument: defend your position.
• How well did President Wagner's letter address the controversy?

Amtrak Response to Crash

Once again, a rail crash brings mostly service updates-no apologies on its website and in the press. An Amtrak train struck maintenance equipment in Chester, Philadelphia, killing two maintenance workers and injuring 34 passengers and an engineer. The derailment disabled the internal communication system, so passengers in some cars didn't receive information for a half-hour after the accident.

According to a Reuters report, Amtrak has little to say:

Amtrak spokesman Mike Tolbert said the railroad was operating its normal schedule of train service along the busy Northeast rail corridor on Monday. He referred all other questions to the NTSB, which did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

As usual, the railroad's website is focused on service updates with nothing in the way of an apology. The "News Release" page shows two posts, one announcing the service disruption and another announcing the restoration plan. This was also the case in a Metro-North derailment in 2013 that killed 4 people.

Likewise, the Amtrak Facebook page gives only service updates.

To find an apology, we need to go to back to a 2015 crash. At the time, Amtrak's Facebook page did express some sentiment, although it repeats in subsequent posts, "We are deeply saddened by the loss of life." The second post conveys the message well:

As always, our first concern is taking care of our customers and employees. We have established a Family Assistance Center in Philadelphia to work closely with the family of passengers and crew on the train. Family members are encouraged to call the Amtrak Incident Hotline (800-523-9101) with questions about individuals on the train.   For our employees, the Amtrak Employee Assistance Program is staffed with trained counselors to support our employees and co-workers.

UPDATE: Finally, an apology on the Facebook page. Still nothing on the website.

Discussion Starters:

• What could explain the lack of apology? What, if anything, is different between this incident and 2015?
• How can Amtrak balance service updates and empathy? What should the organization post where?

"Brooklyn Bernie" Tweets

A New York Times article touts Bernie Sanders' Twitter approach, including a ghost tweeter. Twenty-seven-year-old Hector Sigala, Sander's digital media director, tweets anything potentially newsworthy as it happens. 

If numbers matter, the article reports a comparison between the Democratic frontrunners: 

Sanders has close to 2 million followers on his Twitter campaign account and has tweeted nearly 8,000 times. His opponent, Hillary Clinton, has tweeted less, 5,000 times, but she has nearly 6 million followers.

Sanders, however, has an edge because his tweets are much more personalized than Clinton's, say some social media strategy experts.

"He's been able to really resonate with (different groups) and connect with them on a level that many other candidates have not been able to do," said marketing consultant and social media strategy specialist Dr. Kay Green.

Although Sigala is proud of increasing Sanders' followers from 50,000 to almost 2 million, he is more focused on how tweets perform and has learned a few things: 

"We have got to" do something will do significantly worse than a tweet reading "We gotta."

"That's because it sounds like Brooklyn Bernie," Sigala said with a laugh.

This one was retweeted 2.4 thousand times and liked 7.2 thousand times. Not too shabby.

Image source. 

Discussion Starters: 

• What makes a good campaign tweet? What principles do we know about social media posts that will help your response? 
• How do numbers of social media likes and followers measure outcomes, and how do they fall short? What are the best measures of social media posts?

Former Trump Communications Director Quits and Reveals Strategy

So much for loyalty. A communication director for Trump's Make America Great Again Super PAC has quit the campaign and written an open letter about her experience. Most significant, Stephanie Cegielski says that Trump wanted to hit double digits and perhaps hit second place, but he never wanted to nor expected to be in the lead. 

In her letter, Cegielski wrote, "His candidacy was a protest candidacy," and she describes her history:

"Almost a year ago, recruited for my public relations and public policy expertise, I sat in Trump Tower being told that the goal was to get The Donald to poll in double digits and come in second in delegate count. That was it."

She describes her initial excitement representing an alternative candidate but writes, "It wasn't long before every day I awoke to a buzzing phone and a shaking head because Trump had said something politically incorrect the night before. I have been around politics long enough to know that the other side will pounce on any and every opportunity to smear a candidate." 

Cegielski, like many, was surprised at his continuing success. She eventually got disillusioned and now fears a possible win: 

"What was once Trump's desire to rank second place to send a message to America and to increase his power as a businessman has nightmarishly morphed into a charade that is poised to do irreparable damage to this country if we do not stop this campaign in its tracks.

"I'll say it again: Trump never intended to be the candidate. But his pride is too out of control to stop him now."

Cegielski's credibility is at stake. The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal haven't taken up the story, and a Washington Post writer calls the article a successful "exercise in reputation management."

Discussion Starters: 

• Read Cegielski's entire open letter. How do you assess her credibility? Consider The Washington Post perspective. Part of the writer's criticism is "She was literally the P.R. person for the Public Relations Society of America," and she "took a position teaching a class at New York University's School of Professional Studies" on Reputation Management.
• What, if any, loyalty does Cegielski have to Donald Trump and his campaign? 

Soccer Salary Differential Charts

Five members of the U.S. Women's National Team filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) citing pay discrimination based on sex. Business Insider created a few simple bar charts to show striking comparisons. 

 

This one, and the others, are clear and simple, highlighting that the women's complaint may be justified. In the article, Business Insider uses strong language to describe the differences: 

• "...a closer look at the differences in pay between the men and women reveals a disparity that is jarring."
• "While it [per diem pay] is the smallest form of compensation, the difference between the men and women is arguably the most jaw-dropping."

In the four charts, consistency helps the viewer get the message quickly. All show men and then women on the x axis and use only two or three colors. 

Discussion Starters: 

• What principles of visual communication do these charts follow? How could they be improved? 
• Read the women's complaint. From the data presented, what other charts could complement the message? Consider pie charts or more creative visuals such as infographics.

Harsh Rejection Letters

Business Insider has gathered a fun lot of rejection letters to people who went on to have successful careers. One, to Andy Warhol, appears in Chapter 8 of the text book; others are to Harry Potter writer J.K. Rowlings and movie director Tim Burton. 

Many are harsh. Forget about a "buffer" and letting the receiver down gracefully. The one shown here, about fantasy writer Ursula Le Guin's novel, starts with a short compliment, and then doesn't mince words. A letter to Gertrude Stein mocks her book: "Hardly one copy would sell here. Hardly one. Hardly one." 

Some, although tough, probably gave good advice. A letter to comic book artist Jim Lee told him, "Your work looks as if it were done by four different people," and explains which parts were best and what he should work on: "Resubmit when your work is consistent and when you learn to draw hands." The artist agreed with the rejection. 

Specific feedback is best, but it doesn't have to cut to the bone.

Discussion Starters: 

• How do these examples differ from business rejections today? Why do think there is a difference? Consider the era and industry. 
• What is the harshest rejection you have received? How did you react, and what did you learn from it? 

Bad Data Almost Makes a Documentary

A study had found a link between autism and the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella, but the article, published in 1998 in the British medical journal The Lancet, was retracted in 2010. The article caused parents not to vaccinate their children and, as a result, a rise in measles in Britain and the United States. This situation was used as an example of bad data in Chapter 9 of the text book. 

Although the study author, Andrew Wakefield, has had his medical license revoked because of financial and ethical violations, he recently directed and wrote a documentary, "Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe," which was to play at the Tribeca Film Festival. 

In a New York Times article, a doctor at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine discredited Wakefield's work as a documentary film: 

"It gave these fraudulent ideas a face and a position and an energy that many of us thought they didn't deserve. We're all for ongoing reasonable debate and discussion, but these are ideas that have been proven to be incorrect many, many, many times over the past 15 years."

The film has been pulled, with festival founder Robert De Niro explaining, "My intent in screening this film was to provide an opportunity for conversation around an issue that is deeply personal to me and my family. But after reviewing it over the past few days with the Tribeca Film Festival team and others from the scientific community, we do not believe it contributes to or furthers the discussion I had hoped for."

Discussion Starters:

• Did the film festival make the right decision? What are the consequences? 
• What are the implications of this situation for business communicators researching and writing reports? 

"Advantage Women" Program for Gender Equality

Ad agency Burson-Marstellar has a new initiative to help companies close the gender gap. According to PRWeek, the program will help companies with communications to "help all levels of leadership recognize the importance of women in executive roles and gender balance across the workplace":

Burson-Marsteller plans to leverage its research and data analytics to produce "evidence-based campaigns," including internal audits, perception analyses and research and message testing on women audiences.

This matters to companies partly because women make 90% of household purchase decisions.

The World Economic Forum has a Gender Gap Calculator that shows how old you'll be when the gap is eliminated, mediated by your home country. I'll be 169 years old. 

Of course communication is only part of the issue. Companies can make themselves more attractive to women leaders and encourage directors and senior managers to hire women, but a culture shift within an organization takes years, and we have a lot more work to do.

Discussion Starters: 

• How would you describe the impact of the gender gap on men and women?
• How can communication help? In other words, how will Burson-Marstellar be working with companies? 

Companies Threaten to Boycott Georgia

As Georgia Governor Nathan Deal ponders a religious-liberty bill, several companies, and now the film industry, have threatened to withdraw their business if the bill becomes a law. The Washington Post explains the purpose of the bill (H.B. 757), on the surface:

The bill protects religious leaders from being forced to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies and individuals from being forced to attend such events. It also allows faith-based organizations to deny use of their facilities for events they find "objectionable" and exempts them from having to hire or retain any employee whose religious beliefs or practices differ from those of the organization.

However, people are concerned that the measure is discriminatory. According to the Human Rights Campaign (HRC), 

The bill adds a so-called "Religious Freedom Restoration Act" (RFRA), as well as retains and broadens discriminatory provisions that give explicit cover to taxpayer-funded religious organizations choosing to discriminate. While falsely framed as prohibiting the state government from making funding or tax status decisions based on an organization's religious views, in reality it opens the door to discrimination in social services and employment against a wide range of Georgians. The RFRA and other provisions could result in a range of harms. Taxpayer-funded adoption and foster care agencies could refuse to place children in desperate need of loving and caring homes with LGBT couples. Homeless shelters could turn away unwed couples and their families. Food pantries could turn away people of other faiths or even engage in race discrimination. Drug counseling centers could refuse to hire a qualified LGBT therapist.

Delta, Coca-Cola, Home Depot, Marriott, and Google, are among those urging Gov. Deal to veto the bill. Disney, including its subsidiary Marvel, wrote in a statement, "Disney and Marvel are inclusive companies, and although we have had great experiences filming in Georgia, we will plan to take our business elsewhere should any legislation allowing discriminatory practices be signed into state law." AMC Networks has expressed similar sentiment.

The revenue loss could hurt the state's economy. Georgia is the third most popular state for feature films, after California and New York. A letter signed by actors, writers, producers, and others working in the industry echoed the companies' concerns: 

Dear Gov. Deal,

As leaders in the entertainment industry, we have deep concerns about H.B. 757, which would sanction discrimination against LGBT people and others in Georgia.

As you know, Atlanta is often referred to as the Hollywood of the South. During the last fiscal year, at least 248 films and television productions were shot in Georgia, adding at least $1.7 billion in direct spending to the state's economy. Additionally, the entertainment industry helped to bring more than 100 businesses to Georgia through relocation or expansion in the past fiscal year. Only two states - California and New York - have a larger entertainment industry footprint and both have statewide non-discrimination protections on the books. Unfortunately, Georgia not only lacks such protections, but could soon move from a bad situation to worse with H.B. 757.

We pride ourselves on running inclusive companies, and while we have enjoyed a positive partnership on productions in Georgia, we will plan to take our business elsewhere if any legislation sanctioning discrimination is signed into state law.

We urge you to veto H.B. 757 and send a strong message that Georgia will not tolerate discrimination against citizens, employees and visitors to the state.

Thank you in advance for your consideration of this urgent issue.

Image source.

Discussion Starters: 

• How persuasive is the letter from the Hollywood constituencies?
• What should Gov. Deal do? Either way, how should he communicate his decision?
• Do you find the bill potentially discriminatory? How does the language affect your reaction?

Starboard Value Wants New Yahoo Board

Yahoo has been struggling, and hedge fund Starboard Value has a solution: replace the entire current board of directors. Known as an activist group, Starboard was successful in ousting Darden Restaurants' board in 2014 and gave us a great example of a persuasive PowerPoint deck. So far, we see a letter to shareholders, but with the same persuasive language. The opening is shown here:

NEW YORK, March 24, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Starboard Value LP (together with its affiliates, "Starboard"), one of the largest shareholders of Yahoo! Inc. (NASDAQ: YHOO) with an ownership interest in approximately 1.7% of Yahoo's outstanding shares, representing an investment of approximately $570 million, today announced that it is nominating a slate of nine highly qualified candidates for election to Yahoo's Board of Directors at the 2016 Annual Meeting.

Starboard also announced today that it has delivered the following open letter to Yahoo shareholders, which includes the names and detailed biographies of each of Starboard's nominees towards the end:

A LETTER TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF YAHOO! INC.

Yahoo's Current Board has Failed to Deliver Results for Shareholders

Significant Board Change is Desperately Needed to Hold Management Accountable and Properly Oversee any Operational Turnaround Plan, Separation, or Sale of Assets

The Board Refuses to Embrace the Need for Significant Changes at Yahoo

Starboard is Therefore Nominating a Slate of Nine Highly Reputable and Extremely Qualified Directors for Election at Yahoo's 2016 Annual Meeting

The letter goes on to say, "We believe that Yahoo is deeply undervalued and opportunities exist within the control of management and the Board of Directors (the "Board") to unlock significant value for the benefit of all shareholders.  Unfortunately, as we have outlined in previous letters, we have been extremely disappointed with Yahoo's dismal financial performance, poor management execution, egregious compensation and hiring practices, and general lack of accountability and oversight by the Board.  We believe the Board clearly lacks the leadership, objectivity, and perspective needed to make decisions that are in the best interests of shareholders."

CEO Marissa Mayer has made several attempts to trim the business, but the company may be sold. In the shareholder letter, Starboard criticizes the process: "Bidders are uneasy over what was described as an uncharacteristically long document, three to four times longer than usual, without inclusion of private financial information." The board is accused of dealing unfairly in the process.

Discussion Starters:

• Read the Starboard Value letter to shareholders. What principles of persuasion are illustrated? How do the word choices contribute to or detract from the argument?
• How should Marissa Mayer respond? Research the Darden situation to draw some comparisons.
• Do you think we'll see a detailed PPT deck, as we did for the Darden situation? Why or why not? What are the similarities and differences in the businesses that may drive the genre choice?

Kellogg's Responds to Employee Urination Incident

Kellogg's is responding to a video showing a man urinating onto a conveyor belt at one of its factories. The video was taken in Memphis, Tennessee, in 2014 during a labor dispute, so any affected products are past their expiration date. In other words, it's too late to worry whether your box of Rice Krispies was tainted.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has started a criminal investigation, and the company is investigating internally. Of course, customers are furious.

Kellogg's has issued a statement and is addressing questions on its Facebook page. To CNN, Kris Charles, a Kellogg's spokesman, said the company is "outraged by this completely unacceptable situation." He also said, "We were shocked and deeply disappointed by this video that we just learned of yesterday. We immediately alerted law enforcement authorities and regulators." 

Kellogg's also posted a notice on its website.

Discussion Starters:

• What would lead an employee to take this action? Imagine the scene at the factory. Would other employees see this and not take action? In other words, how does something like this happen?
• Are people over-reacting, or is this a serious issue?
• Assess the company's response. How well did the social media manager address the Facebook post? Could he or she have said anything different?
• In addition to the statement given to CNN, what else could the company have said?

MSNBC Host Tells Clinton to Smile

MSNBC host Joe Scarborough tweeted a suggestion to Hillary Clinton, and the backlash was fierce.

 

A Washington Post headline called it "tired advice," but Scarborough hasn't been inspired to apologize:

In a series of tweets Wednesday, Scarborough responded on Twitter, saying "we've called @BernieSanders grumpy for a year. @HillaryClinton is tough as hell. She doesn't need this fake outrage." In yet another tweet, he wrote, "we've hammered all candidates on their style and substance. We try to hold all candidates to the same standard." In reply to a woman who said he crossed a line, Scarborough wrote that "I don't look at HRC as a woman anymore than I did Thatcher. I look at her as a tough candidate who can handle it."

An NPR article gives us some history about women and smiling:

Back in 1970, the feminist writer Shulamith Firestone proposed her "dream action" for the women's liberation movement: she called for "a smile boycott" in which, she wrote, "all women would instantly abandon their 'pleasing' smiles - henceforth smiling only when something pleased THEM."

In these situations, it's helpful to consider whether Scarborough would have made the same comment to a man-and what others are saying about the presidential candidate, which Vogue reports:

Fox News's Brit Hume wrote: "Hillary having a big night in the primaries. So she's shouting angrily in her victory speech," while commentator Howard Kurtz suggested Clinton should speak in a more relatable tone. "Hillary shouting her speech," Kurtz Tweeted. "She has the floor; a more conversational tone might be better for connecting with folks at home."

Discussion Starters:

• Do you consider Scarborough's and other comments to be sexist or gender biased? Why or why not?
• Most articles confirm that Clinton does, in fact, smile. How, if at all, does this factor into this discussion?
• How does your own propensity to smile affect interactions and presentations? Have you received useful feedback about this?